Passivated Stainless Steel Screws: 410, 18-8 and 316 Material Selection for OEM Applications

Passivated Stainless Steel Screws: 410, 18-8 and 316 Material Selection for OEM Applications

Stainless steel screws are widely used in industrial equipment where corrosion resistance, dimensional accuracy, 

assembly reliability and long-term serviceability are important.

However, not all stainless steel screws are designed for the same operating conditions.

A 410 stainless steel concrete screw, an 18-8 stainless steel button head socket screw and a 316 stainless steel fine-thread machine screw may look similar in certain dimensions, 

but their material behavior, mechanical characteristics and installation requirements can be significantly different.

Chemical passivation can help remove free iron contamination and support the natural corrosion resistance of suitable stainless steel surfaces. 

It does not, however, eliminate the differences between stainless steel grades or compensate for an unsuitable fastening design.

For OEM design engineers, selecting the correct screw requires evaluating the base material, thread geometry, head configuration, joint loading and service environment.

For manufacturing engineers and production managers, the focus includes driver engagement, tightening consistency, thread galling, assembly efficiency and quality control.

For procurement and supplier development teams, a reliable sourcing decision requires accurate specifications, material verification, approved samples and clear inspection requirements.

This guide examines four stainless steel screw configurations commonly encountered in industrial procurement:

• 410 stainless steel concrete screws

• 18-8 stainless steel button head hex socket screws

• Metric 18-8 stainless steel pan head Phillips screws

• 316 stainless steel fine-thread button head hex socket screws

It also explains how passivation, corrosion mechanisms, installation methods and OEM purchasing requirements influence the selection of these products.

Juxin Fasteners supplies industrial fasteners and supports inquiries for standard and drawing-based stainless steel screws.

Why Stainless Steel Screw Selection Requires More Than Corrosion Resistance

The term stainless steel screw describes a broad family of fasteners.

Different grades offer different combinations of:

• Corrosion resistance

• Hardness

• Mechanical strength

• Formability

• Heat-treatment response

• Thread behavior

• Magnetic characteristics

• Cost

The finished screw also depends on its manufacturing process, dimensions and applicable product specification.

A Critical Engineering Distinction

410 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel.

304 and 316 stainless steels are commonly classified as austenitic stainless steels.

These material families behave differently during manufacturing and service.

A suitable material for a hardened concrete screw is not necessarily appropriate for a conventional machine screw, 

and a highly corrosion-resistant machine screw may not have the hardness needed for direct fastening into masonry.

Material Selection Overview

18-8, A2, 304, A4 and 316 are related commercial or standardized designations, but they should not be treated as universally interchangeable specifications.

The actual material, mechanical-property class and product requirements must be confirmed.

What Does Passivation Do for Stainless Steel Screws?

Stainless steel naturally forms a thin, chromium-rich passive surface film under suitable conditions.

During manufacturing and handling, free iron particles and other contaminants may become attached to the screw surface.

Potential sources include:

• Cold heading

• Thread rolling

• Machining

• Grinding

• Deburring

• Carbon steel tooling

• Handling equipment

• Storage and packaging

These contaminants can contribute to rust staining and surface-quality problems.

Chemical passivation is intended to remove suitable surface contaminants, particularly free iron, and support the stainless steel's natural passive condition.

What Passivation Can Improve

A properly specified process may help:

• Reduce free-iron contamination

• Improve surface cleanliness

• Reduce contamination-related rust staining

• Support consistent surface condition

• Meet specified surface-treatment acceptance requirements

What Passivation Cannot Guarantee

Passivation does not automatically:

• Make stainless steel rustproof

• Prevent all chloride corrosion

• Increase screw tensile strength

• Improve thread engagement

• Prevent galling

• Prevent vibration loosening

• Establish a particular service life

• Qualify a screw for structural anchoring

Engineering Principle

The base material and fastener design must be suitable before passivation is considered.

Passivation is a surface-treatment requirement, not a substitute for mechanical or corrosion engineering.

Relevant Standards for Passivated Stainless Steel Screws

Several international standards may apply, but they address different technical requirements.

ASTM A967/A967M — Chemical Passivation

ASTM A967/A967M covers chemical passivation treatments for stainless steel parts.

It is relevant when a customer specifies chemical passivation for suitable stainless steel screws.

The treatment and acceptance requirements must be established according to the applicable standard and project specification.

ASTM A380/A380M — Cleaning and Surface Preparation

ASTM A380/A380M provides practices relating to cleaning, descaling, pickling and passivation of stainless steel parts, equipment and systems.

It is useful when surface contamination and preparation methods require attention.

ISO 3506 — Stainless Steel Fastener Mechanical Properties

The ISO 3506 series addresses mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners.

It should not be confused with a passivation-process specification.

ISO Metric Thread Standards

ISO metric thread requirements may be relevant to metric stainless steel machine screws.

The exact thread designation and tolerance class must be specified.

ASME Inch-Series Requirements

For Unified inch-series screws, applicable ASME dimensional and thread standards should be identified according to the actual product.

Important Distinction

Metric, UNC, UNF, BSW and BSF threads are separate thread systems.

They are not directly interchangeable, even when nominal diameters appear similar.

Inch conversions are dimensional references only and do not establish thread compatibility.

410 Stainless Steel Concrete Screws: Hardness and Anchorage Requirements

410 stainless steel concrete screws represent a different engineering category from conventional stainless steel machine screws.

Concrete screws are designed to develop anchorage through a specified installation mechanism in a suitable base material.

Certain concrete screw designs require sufficient hardness to form or engage threads in the substrate.

410 stainless steel can be heat-treated to obtain selected hardness and mechanical characteristics.

However, the actual performance depends on the finished screw design and manufacturing condition.

Typical Application Areas

Depending on the approved product and anchorage design, potential applications include:

• Concrete fastening

• Masonry installation

• Equipment mounting

• Construction hardware

• Building-service equipment

• Selected industrial installations

Why 410 Is Different from 304 and 316

410 stainless steel generally has different corrosion resistance and heat-treatment characteristics from 304 and 316.

Its suitability cannot be judged solely by the term stainless steel.

Critical Design Factors

For a concrete screw, engineers must consider:

• Base material type

• Base material condition

• Screw diameter and length

• Embedment depth

• Hole diameter

• Hole depth

• Installation method

• Edge distance

• Anchor spacing

• Applied loading

• Environmental exposure

Corrosion Considerations

410 stainless steel may be less suitable than certain austenitic grades in aggressive chloride environments.

Passivation may help address surface contamination, but it does not convert 410 into a 316-equivalent corrosion-resistant alloy.

Anchorage Performance

A concrete screw's load capacity cannot be inferred from stainless steel grade or passivation treatment.

Where structural or safety-critical anchorage is involved, the complete anchor system must be selected and installed according to its applicable approval, technical documentation and engineering design.

Procurement Recommendation

When requesting a quotation for 410 stainless steel concrete screws, provide the original product specification or drawing together with the required base material, 

installation conditions and applicable approval requirements.

Do not substitute a general-purpose stainless steel screw for an approved concrete anchoring product.

18-8 Stainless Steel Button Head Hex Socket Screws

Button head hex socket screws feature a rounded, low-profile head with an internal hexagonal drive.

They are commonly selected for industrial assemblies where head appearance, clearance and convenient driver engagement are important.

18-8 stainless steel is a broad commercial designation associated with certain chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels.

It should not automatically be treated as a complete specification for every A2 or 304 fastener.

Typical Applications

Potential applications include:

• Industrial machinery

• Automation equipment

• Mechanical fixtures

• Electronic equipment housings

• Instrument assemblies

• Selected automotive auxiliary components

Head Geometry

A button head screw has a different head profile from a conventional socket head cap screw.

The lower-profile head may provide useful clearance or appearance advantages.

However, the head geometry can also influence allowable tightening torque and mechanical performance.

Engineering Considerations

Review:

• Head diameter

• Head height

• Socket dimensions

• Thread diameter and pitch

• Screw length

• Mating material

• Required preload

Important Limitation

A button head socket screw should not automatically replace a socket head cap screw of the same nominal diameter.

The head and drive geometry may impose different limitations.

Passivation Considerations

Passivation may be specified to remove free iron contamination introduced during manufacturing or handling.

The internal hex socket should be adequately cleaned and rinsed to avoid retained process residues.

Assembly Considerations

Stainless steel threaded connections may be susceptible to galling.

Tool alignment, thread condition and tightening procedure should therefore be reviewed.

Manufacturing Insight

In repetitive assembly, an unsuitable hex driver bit or damaged recess may increase rework even when the screw material and passivation treatment meet specification.

Metric 18-8 Stainless Steel Pan Head Phillips Screws

Pan head Phillips screws combine a protruding rounded head with a cross-recessed drive.

They are commonly used in equipment assemblies where powered or manual screwdriving is practical.

Typical Applications

Potential applications include:

• Electrical equipment

• Electronic enclosures

• Industrial control panels

• Appliances

• Communication equipment

• Instrument housings

Why Head Geometry Matters

Pan head screws generally provide a protruding head with a bearing surface suitable for the specified joint design.

They should not be confused with countersunk flat head screws.

The correct head type depends on:

• Available clearance

• Bearing requirements

• Workpiece material

• Appearance

• Tool access

Phillips Drive Considerations

Phillips drive recesses require compatible driver bits.

Potential assembly problems include:

• Cam-out

• Recess damage

• Driver wear

• Tool misalignment

• Inconsistent tightening

Production Engineering Recommendation

For repetitive powered assembly, evaluate:

• Driver bit type

• Bit condition

• Tool alignment

• Tightening speed

• Torque setting

• Joint seating

Passivation does not prevent cam-out or provide torque control.

Metric Thread Requirements

Metric screws should be specified with the correct nominal diameter, pitch and tolerance requirements.

An inch-series screw with a similar nominal diameter should not be assumed compatible.

Passivation and Appearance

Chemical passivation can help reduce contamination-related rust staining.

However, it is not a polishing or decorative plating process and does not guarantee a particular surface appearance.

OEM Procurement Considerations

When sourcing metric stainless steel pan head Phillips screws, confirm the actual product standard or drawing, material, drive recess, dimensions and finish.

316 Stainless Steel Fine-Thread Button Head Hex Socket Screws

316 stainless steel is commonly selected for applications requiring improved resistance to certain forms of localized corrosion compared with 304.

The presence of molybdenum contributes to this difference.

However, 316 is not immune to corrosion.

Potential Applications

Depending on the complete joint design, 316 stainless steel screws may be considered for:

• Marine-related equipment

• Coastal industrial machinery

• Chemical-processing equipment

• Outdoor instrumentation

• Equipment enclosures

• Selected washdown applications

Why Fine Threads May Be Specified

Fine-pitch threads may be selected where the design requires particular thread geometry, adjustment characteristics or engagement conditions.

Potential considerations include:

• Thread engagement

• Mating component geometry

• Available thread length

• Installation conditions

• Joint loading

Important Limitation

Fine threads are not universally stronger or more vibration-resistant than coarse threads.

Their suitability depends on the complete joint design.

316 Stainless Steel and Chloride Exposure

316 generally offers improved resistance to certain chloride-related corrosion mechanisms compared with 304.

Nevertheless, corrosion may occur under conditions involving:

• Elevated chloride concentration

• High temperature

• Crevices

• Deposits

• Stagnant moisture

• Aggressive chemicals

Crevice Corrosion

Restricted spaces beneath screw heads or between mating surfaces may retain moisture and chemicals.

This can create localized corrosion conditions even when the exposed surface appears acceptable.

Passivation Considerations

Passivation may be specified to address free iron contamination.

It cannot eliminate the risk of crevice corrosion or compensate for an unsuitable alloy selection.

Thread Galling

A 316 stainless steel screw may still experience galling when assembled with a compatible stainless steel nut or threaded component.

Engineering Recommendation

Evaluate the material combination, thread condition, tightening process and service environment before approving a fine-thread stainless steel screw for recurring production.

Comparison: 410 vs. 18-8 vs. 316 Stainless Steel Screws

Engineering Conclusion

A material upgrade is not automatically a functional replacement.

For example, changing from 410 to 316 may improve corrosion behavior in some environments but can create unacceptable differences in hardness or anchoring function.

Likewise, replacing an 18-8 button head screw with a 316 fine-thread screw requires verification of thread pitch, head geometry, mechanical requirements and installation conditions.

How Stainless Steel Screw Passivation Is Performed

The processing route depends on the alloy, surface condition and approved specification.

A typical workflow may include cleaning, chemical treatment, rinsing, drying and inspection.

Cleaning and Degreasing

Remove suitable manufacturing contaminants, such as:

• Oil

• Grease

• Handling residues

• Surface dirt

Cleaning must be appropriate for the material and contamination condition.

Chemical Treatment

Passivation treatments may use suitable nitric-acid or citric-acid-based processes.

The approved treatment must account for the stainless steel grade and applicable specification.

Rinsing

Rinsing removes process residues.

Drying

Controlled drying helps prevent residual moisture and surface staining.

Inspection

Inspection is performed according to the agreed acceptance requirements.

Important Process Limitation

Not every stainless steel grade should receive the same chemical treatment conditions.

In particular, martensitic 410 stainless steel requires material-appropriate process selection.

A treatment suitable for an austenitic grade should not automatically be applied to a hardened 410 component without evaluation.

Passivation Is Not a Coating

Chemical passivation does not normally deposit a conventional measurable protective coating.

It is different from:

• Zinc plating

• Nickel plating

• Black oxide

• PTFE-containing coatings

• Electropolishing

Each process has different purposes and limitations.

Passivation Quality Control for OEM Stainless Steel Screws

A useful quality plan should address both surface condition and functional dimensions.

Material Verification

Confirm the specified stainless steel grade.

Dimensional Inspection

Check relevant dimensions, including:

• Thread diameter

• Thread pitch

• Thread tolerance

• Screw length

• Head diameter

• Head height

• Drive recess geometry

Surface Inspection

Review:

• Rust staining

• Visible contamination

• Process residues

• Handling damage

Passivation Verification

Depending on the applicable standard and material, suitable tests may be specified to evaluate surface contamination or passivation acceptance.

Not every test is appropriate for every stainless steel grade.

Corrosion Testing

Salt spray or other corrosion tests may be specified for particular applications.

However, salt spray testing is not a universal requirement for all passivated screws and should not be interpreted as a direct prediction of service life.

Functional Assembly Evaluation

Where relevant, assess:

• Driver engagement

• Thread fit

• Tightening behavior

• Galling

• Joint seating

Inspection Matrix

Production Reliability: Common Stainless Steel Screw Assembly Failures

Thread Galling

Stainless steel threads can seize during installation.

Potential contributing factors include material pairing, friction, tightening speed and thread condition.

Recess Damage

Phillips or hex socket recesses may become damaged through incorrect tools or excessive installation loading.

Incorrect Thread Pitch

Fine-thread and coarse-thread screws are not interchangeable simply because their nominal diameter is identical.

Insufficient Thread Engagement

The required engagement depends on the mating material, fastener dimensions and applied loads.

Overtightening

Excessive tightening may damage threads, deform clamped components or cause fastener failure.

Localized Corrosion

Pitting and crevice corrosion may occur even on passivated stainless steel.

Incorrect Product Substitution

Replacing a concrete screw with a conventional machine screw, or substituting a different head type, can change the fastening mechanism.

Production Manager's Perspective

These problems can create:

• Assembly interruptions

• Increased scrap

• Rework

• Tool damage

• Inconsistent cycle times

• Maintenance problems

The correct objective is to select a fastener that performs reliably throughout the intended assembly process, not merely one that meets a nominal material description.

Industrial Applications and Material Selection

Automotive and EV Equipment

Potential applications include:

• Electronic module housings

• Interior components

• Auxiliary brackets

• Equipment enclosures

• Production fixtures

Engineering Priorities

• Vibration

• Moisture

• Road chemicals

• Tool access

• Assembly consistency

Stainless steel screws should not automatically be selected for every automotive structural or safety-critical connection.

Marine and Coastal Equipment

Potential applications include:

• Marine electronics

• Instrument housings

• Auxiliary machinery

• Coastal equipment cabinets

Engineering Priorities

• Chloride exposure

• Crevice corrosion

• Galvanic compatibility

• Material selection

• Maintenance access

316 stainless steel may be considered where appropriate, but application-specific evaluation remains necessary.

Construction and Infrastructure Equipment

Potential applications include:

• Equipment mounting

• Building-service hardware

• Mechanical fixtures

• Selected concrete or masonry fastening systems

Engineering Priorities

• Base material

• Installation geometry

• Loading

• Corrosion exposure

• Approved anchorage requirements

A passivated screw should not be assumed suitable for structural anchoring without the required engineering approval.

Medical and Pharmaceutical Equipment

Potential applications include:

• Instrument housings

• Laboratory equipment

• Nonimplantable mechanical assemblies

• Selected processing equipment

Engineering Priorities

• Surface cleanliness

• Material documentation

• Chemical exposure

• Cleaning requirements

• Product-specific qualification

Passivation alone does not establish medical-device approval or sterilization suitability.

Food Processing Equipment

Potential applications include:

• Machine guards

• Equipment covers

• Conveyor-related assemblies

• Commercial food machinery

Engineering Priorities

• Cleaning chemistry

• Hygienic design

• Corrosion resistance

• Crevice avoidance

• Maintenance

304 and 316 may be considered according to the environment and equipment requirements.

Electronics and Industrial Electrical Equipment

Potential applications include:

• Control cabinets

• Instrument panels

• Communication equipment

• Electrical enclosures

• Server-related mechanical assemblies

Engineering Priorities

• Head clearance

• Tool access

• Surface cleanliness

• Moisture

• Assembly efficiency

Industrial Machinery and Automation

Potential applications include:

• CNC equipment

• Automation systems

• Mechanical fixtures

• Instrument assemblies

• Equipment guards

Engineering Priorities

• Thread engagement

• Joint loading

• Drive durability

• Repeated maintenance

• Production consistency

How to Select the Right Passivated Stainless Steel Screw

Selection should begin with the application rather than a general preference for stainless steel.

Operating Environment

Determine:

• Indoor or outdoor exposure

• Moisture

• Chlorides

• Cleaning chemicals

• Temperature

• Maintenance conditions

Material Grade

Evaluate whether 410, 18-8 / 304-type or 316 stainless steel meets the mechanical and corrosion requirements.

Fastening Mechanism

Identify whether the application requires:

• A conventional machine screw

• A concrete or masonry fastening system

• A threaded insert

• Another engineered fastening solution

Head and Drive Geometry

Confirm:

• Button head

• Pan head

• Socket head

• Flat head

• Phillips drive

• Internal hex drive

The head and drive must match the intended installation method.

Thread Requirements

Specify:

• Nominal diameter

• Pitch

• Thread tolerance

• Applicable standard

Mechanical Requirements

Evaluate:

• Applied loading

• Required preload

• Joint geometry

• Mating material

• Thread engagement

Surface Treatment

Specify chemical passivation only where it is appropriate for the material and project requirements.

Quality Requirements

Define the inspection and acceptance criteria.

Selection Decision Matrix

OEM Procurement: How to Specify Stainless Steel Screws Correctly

Purchasing and supplier development teams should avoid vague RFQs such as “stainless steel screws, passivated.”

A complete technical request should identify the following.

Product Type

Specify the actual screw configuration.

Examples:

• 410 stainless steel concrete screw

• 18-8 stainless steel button head hex socket screw

• Metric 18-8 stainless steel pan head Phillips screw

• 316 stainless steel fine-thread button head hex socket screw

Product Standard or Drawing

Provide the applicable standard or approved 2D drawing.

Thread Specification

Identify the nominal diameter, pitch and thread system.

Material

Specify the actual stainless steel grade and mechanical requirements.

Surface Treatment

Identify the passivation specification and acceptance requirements.

Application Conditions

Explain relevant environmental and installation requirements.

Quantity

Provide sample and production quantities.

Inspection

Identify dimensional, material and surface-treatment requirements.

Delivery

Provide the target delivery schedule and packaging requirements.

Supplier Substitution Review

Before approving an alternative supplier or product, verify:

• Material grade

• Mechanical properties

• Head geometry

• Drive type

• Thread designation

• Length

• Surface treatment

• Inspection requirements

• Functional compatibility

Important Procurement Principle

Two screws described as “passivated stainless steel” may have completely different mechanical functions.

Material and surface-treatment descriptions are not sufficient for interchangeability.

OEM Cost Considerations

The total cost of a screw includes more than its purchase price.

Relevant factors may include:

• Material grade

• Head and drive complexity

• Thread configuration

• Manufacturing process

• Surface treatment

• Inspection

• Packaging

• Installation time

• Tool wear

• Rework

• Scrap

For recurring OEM projects, the engineering and purchasing teams should establish a stable approved specification before comparing commercial quotations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are passivated stainless steel screws?

They are stainless steel screws treated through a suitable chemical process intended to remove free iron contamination and support the natural passive surface condition.

Does passivation make stainless steel screws completely rustproof?

No. Passivation cannot guarantee protection against every form of corrosion.

What is the difference between 410 and 304 stainless steel screws?

410 is a martensitic stainless steel that can be hardened through suitable heat treatment. 

304 is an austenitic stainless steel commonly selected for general corrosion-resistant fastening applications.

Is 410 stainless steel suitable for concrete screws?

Certain concrete screw designs use hardened 410 stainless steel. 

Suitability depends on the complete anchoring product, material condition, installation requirements and applicable approvals.

Can 316 stainless steel replace 410 in a concrete screw?

Not automatically. The materials have different hardness and mechanical characteristics, and the anchoring mechanism must be evaluated.

Is 18-8 stainless steel the same as A2?

Not as a complete technical specification. The actual material and mechanical-property requirements must be confirmed.

Is 316 stainless steel better than 304?

316 generally offers improved resistance to certain localized corrosion conditions, particularly some chloride-containing environments.

 It is not universally better for every application.

Does passivation increase screw strength?

No. Passivation is not a mechanical strengthening process.

Does passivation prevent stainless steel thread galling?

No. Galling depends on material pairing, surface condition, friction and installation conditions.

Are button head screws suitable for high tightening torque?

Their suitability depends on the product standard, head geometry, drive dimensions and mechanical requirements. 

They should not automatically be treated as equivalent to conventional socket head cap screws.

Can a fine-thread screw replace a coarse-thread screw?

Not without evaluating thread compatibility and the complete joint design.

What is ASTM A967/A967M?

It is a specification covering chemical passivation treatments for stainless steel parts.

What is the difference between ASTM A967 and ISO 3506?

ASTM A967/A967M addresses chemical passivation. ISO 3506 addresses mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners.

Is salt spray testing mandatory for passivated stainless steel screws?

Not universally. Testing depends on the applicable specification and customer requirements.

Can passivated stainless steel screws be used in medical equipment?

They may be suitable for selected applications, subject to material, cleanliness and product-specific qualification requirements.

Can Juxin Fasteners supply custom stainless steel screws?

Juxin Fasteners supports inquiries for standard and drawing-based industrial fasteners. 

Specific materials, dimensions, treatments, quantities and commercial conditions are confirmed during project review.

Juxin Fasteners: Stainless Steel Screws and OEM Fastening Solutions

Juxin Fasteners supplies industrial fastening components for international OEM customers.

Relevant product categories include:

• Stainless steel machine screws

• Stainless steel button head screws

• Stainless steel socket head screws

• Stainless steel Phillips screws

• Stainless steel hex head screws

• Stainless steel nuts

• Stainless steel locking nuts

• Custom threaded components

• Drawing-based CNC-machined parts

For projects requiring passivation or other surface treatments, the applicable technical requirements should be included in the customer's RFQ.

Specific product availability, material grades, treatments, MOQ, inspection requirements and delivery schedules are confirmed for each inquiry.

Request an OEM Passivated Stainless Steel Screw Quotation

Are you sourcing 410, 18-8 or 316 stainless steel screws for industrial production?

Do you need to compare screw materials, review passivation requirements, evaluate an existing drawing or qualify an alternative fastener supplier?

Juxin Fasteners welcomes inquiries from design engineers, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, manufacturing engineers,

 production managers, purchasing specialists, procurement managers, supplier development teams and supply chain managers.

For technical review and quotation, please provide:

2D drawing or applicable standard + screw type + head and drive geometry + thread diameter and pitch + length

 + stainless steel grade + mechanical requirements + passivation specification + operating environment + inspection criteria 

+ sample quantity + production quantity + packaging requirements + target delivery schedule.

For concrete or masonry screws, include the required anchoring specification and installation conditions.

For supplier replacement projects, provide the existing approved product specification and identify any proposed deviations.

Company: Juxin Fasteners

Website: https://www.juxinfasteners.com/

Email: info@juxinfasteners.com

Send your stainless steel screw drawings and OEM RFQ to Juxin Fasteners for technical review and quotation.